the Thirty Years’ War

The Thirty Years' War was a conflict that occurred in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was primarily a religious war, with different factions fighting for control and religious supremacy in the region. In addition to religious tensions, there were also political and territorial motivations involved in the conflict. The war involved many European powers, including the Habsburgs, France, Sweden, and Denmark, among others. It was an extremely destructive and devastating conflict, with millions dead and significant political and territorial changes in Central Europe. The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the war and established new principles of sovereignty and religious coexistence in Europe.